Supporting Neurodiverse Students on Campus

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Safe and Effective Messaging – The Jed Foundation

When sharing messages about mental health issues and suicide, it’s important to do so in a safe and effective way. You want to make sure you are helping people rather than discouraging them, especially in times of vulnerability. Here are some resources, guidelines and quick tips to learn more about safe and effective messaging.

Always Promote Help-Seeking

  • You are not alone
  • It’s ok to ask for help – it’s available and a sign of strength
  • Treatment works
  • If someone discusses their personal struggles/experiences, it’s important to say they were able to work through tough times because they reached out for help

Refer

Language for Talking about Suicide

  • Say, “died by suicide”; “lost to suicide” instead of “committed suicide” or “shot him/herself”; “killed him/herself”
  • Say, “suicide attempt survivor”; “did not die in a suicide attempt” instead of “failed suicide attempt”
  • Try not to discuss death in detail or means used
  • Avoid describing death by suicide as an “epidemic/crisis,” or using dramatic terms like “skyrocketing” or “trend”

Language for Talking about Mental Illness

  • Say “He is living with a mental health condition”; “She is afflicted with / suffers from”; “She is living with / She has been diagnosed with”; “She has schizophrenia / She is living with schizophrenia” instead of “He is mentally ill”; “She is schizophrenic”
  • Say, “He is experiencing symptoms of” instead of “He is psychotic / disturbed / crazy”

General Messaging

  • Everyone struggles at times, but if a problem is lasting too long, is too intense or feels like more than you can handle, reach out for help.
  • It’s important to learn the warning signs of suicide, self-harm, and substance abuse.
  • Look for changes in behavior, personality.
  • It’s ok to ask for help – it doesn’t mean that you’re weak, or just want attention. Everyone needs help from time to time, and if you or a friend is struggling, you should reach out to talk to someone right away.
  • Trust your gut – if you’re worried about yourself or a friend, don’t hesitate to act and get help. You don’t have to know what is wrong-just that they’re in trouble or struggling.
  • Be direct with your friends – tell them you’re worried and why, ask them how they’re feeling and offer to reach out to a professional and/or family member with them or for them.

More Info

  • Typically, there is mental illness in the context of suicide. Treatment of a mental health condition can make a tremendous difference in someone’s life.
  • Suicide is a tragic, permanent action and should never be the solution to a problem.

Click here to view the full Safe and Effective Messaging page from The Jed Foundation.

LGBTQ Students on Campus: Issues and Opportunities for Higher Education Leaders

Campus leaders have an opportunity and obligation to act to maintain higher education as a location for LGBTQ student development and learning, as well as to improve campus climate and increase inclusion. This article from Higher Education Today (a blog by ACE) includes recommendations in the areas of policy, practice, programming, and pedagogy.

Read more at this link.

The Mental Health of the College Athlete

From the Wall Street Journal, December 2014:

Apparent Suicide of Ohio State Football Player Comes Amid a Push for Better Care of Student-Athletes –
In the wake of the apparent suicide of Ohio State football player Kosta Karageorge, what does the NCAA need to do to ensure players the adequate mental health services?

Click here to read the full article through a subscription to the Wall Street Journal.

Too Distressed to Learn? Mental Health Among Community College Students

A new study at 10 community colleges across the nation reveals that half of the more than 4,000 community college students surveyed are experiencing a current or recent mental health condition. Less than half of these students are receiving any mental health services. Students age 25 and younger are especially likely to have an untreated mental health condition. As mental illness can impair academic success and quality of life, there is a clear need for greater attention to and resources for mental health services and programs on community college campuses.

Click here to read the full report from Wisconsin HOPE Lab in March 2016.

Are You Being Rigorous or Just Intolerant?

From the Chronicle of Higher Education, May 2016:

I always took pride in being “a hard teacher.” I was rigorous but fair; my students didn’t need to be geniuses to succeed, they just needed to be “good students.” A good student attends class, sits attentively, participates in discussions, and meet deadlines. But after more than a decade of teaching, I realized that my idea of the good student was standing in the way of good teaching.

Click here to read more from the full article about how to promote mental health in the college classroom.

Preventing Suicide: A Technical Package of Policy, Programs, and Practices

A technical package is a collection of strategies that represents the best available evidence to prevent or reduce public health problems like suicide. This package from the CDC highlights 7 strategies to prevent suicide:

  • Strengthen economic supports
  • Strengthen access and delivery of suicide care
  • Create protective environments
  • Promote connectedness
  • Teach coping and problem-solving skills
  • Identify and support people at-risk
  • Lessen harms and prevent future risk

The strategies are intended to work in combination and reinforce each other. Their implementation requires a collective effort across sectors. The technical package describes the approaches to advance each strategy and the evidence behind them. The strategies in the technical package support the goals and objectives of the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention and the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention and American Foundation for Suicide Prevention’s goal to reduce the annual rate of suicide by 20% by 2025.

Click here to view the full technical package from the CDC.

Healthy Minds Network | Healthy Minds Study

The Healthy Minds Network for Research on Adolescent and Young Adult Mental Health (HMN) is dedicated to improving the mental and emotional well-being of young people through innovative, multidisciplinary scholarship. HMN addresses the connection between the mental health of adolescents and young adults and their health behaviors, physical health, and social, educational, and economic outcomes.

Click here to navigate to past webinars by HMN.
Click here to navigate to HMN’s 10-Year study: “Increased Rates of Mental Health Service Utilization by U.S. College Students…”

Click here to navigate back to the JED Campus Dashboard to re-review information about HMN’s Healthy Minds Study (HMS), and your participation through JED Campus.

SPRC – Suicide Prevention Resource Center: Colleges and Universities

Suicide and suicidal behaviors are a major concern for colleges and universities. Suicide is a leading cause of death among college and university students in the United States. In addition to the students who die by suicide, many others struggle with suicidal thoughts and other mental health problems.

Why Address Suicide Prevention: 

  • Mental health issues often first appear between the ages of 18 and 24, so colleges are uniquely situated to help these young people.
  • Students’ mental health can affect their academic performance.
  • Suicidal thoughts and behaviors can impact the entire campus community.

Click here to navigate to SPRC—Recommended Resources—on the SPRC page for colleges and universities.

Mary Christie Foundation

The Mary Christie Foundation is a thought leadership and philanthropic organization dedicated to the health and wellness of teens and young adults, our next generation of leaders. With world-renowned experts in health care policy, public health, behavioral health and higher education, the Mary Christie Foundation contributes to the examination and resolution of the most pressing, and often overlooked, health issues facing young people. Issues include the emotional, social and behavioral health of today’s college students, to access to and completion of quality higher education. MCF strategic philanthropy supports people and programs that further our mission to promote the health and education of our next generation of leaders.

Click here to navigate to the Mary Christie Foundation website.
Click here to view and/or subscribe to the MCFeed Weekly Update.

The Effects of College Counseling Services on Academic Performance and Retention

Abstract

For this study, we examined the relationship between counseling experience and college students’ academic performance and retention in a sample of 10,009 college freshmen and transfer students. The results indicated that counseling experience is significantly associated with student retention: students receiving counseling services were more likely to stay enrolled in school. However, counseling experience was not related to academic performance when controlling for precollege academic performance (i.e., high school GPA, and verbal and math SAT scores). In addition, students seeking both individual and group counseling showed better academic performance than the students who received other service types.

Click here to access the full article through your institution’s access through Project MUSE.

College Counseling and Student Retention: Research Findings and Implications for Counseling Centers

Abstract

College counseling centers may come under increasing scrutiny by administrators regarding how their services contribute to student retention. College counselors can use data to demonstrate a positive influence of counseling on retention, but they also need to educate administrators that student retention should be a consideration among many when evaluating the efficacy of services. The author reviews findings from studies on the impact of college counseling on retention and addresses implications for counseling centers.

Click here to access the full article through your institution’s subscription to Wiley Online Library.

Counseling center contributions to student retention and graduation: A longitudinal assessment

Abstract

This study explored the impact of counseling on academic progress and retention, using both objective and self-reported measures from records of counseling clients (n = 2,365) and the general student body (n = 67,026) during 6 years at a Western state university. Among the findings: Counseled students showed superior retention compared to peers.

Click here to access the full article through your institution’s access to the Web of Science Core Collection.

The Comprehensive Counseling Center Model

The authors outline a four-factor model and philosophy for college mental health services that addresses the loss of comprehensiveness in some centers due to changes in organizational structure. Given research on demand for services and retention of those seen in centers, emphasis is placed in particular upon the value of consultation, outreach, and training work across the entire campus community. The model challenges some assumptions made by proponents of integrated care, including its definition, and illustrates the benefits of establishing and maintaining a fully comprehensive college counseling service.

Click here to access the full article through your institution’s access to Taylor & Francis Online.

Promoting Resilience, Retention, and Mental Health

Abstract

This chapter describes why resilience and mental health deserve more attention in efforts to increase student retention.
The chapter offers practical suggestions for campus administrators and others.

Click here to access the full article through your institution’s access to Wiley Online Library.

The Counseling Center: An Undervalued Resource in Recruitment, Retention, and Risk Management

A primary responsibility for directors of college and university counseling centers is to explain to various audiences the multiple ways such units are of value to their institutions. This article reviews the history of how counseling center directors have been encouraged to develop and describe the work of their centers. Often overlooked are the contributions that counseling centers make to institutional recruitment, retention, and risk-management activities. Research that demonstrates the relationship between counseling centers and each of these functions is reviewed and some recommendations for counseling center directors are offered.

Click here to access the full article through your institution’s access to Taylor & Francis Online.

Improve Student Retention By Promoting Emotional Wellness On Campus

Research shows that there is a direct relationship between students’ mental health, retention rates, and academic performance. Nearly 30% of college students reported feeling so depressed that it was difficult for them to function. This critical connection makes mental health a priority to everyone on campus who has student retention and academic performance as their core objectives.

In this webinar, experts from Ohio State University, Vanderbilt University and Kognito provide insights on the relationship between students’ mental health and their academic success. In addition, the panelists will provide effective strategies that schools can implement to improve emotional wellness on campus and therefore retention rates and academic performance.

Suggested Audience:

  • Academic Advisor
  • VP of Student Affairs
  • Director of Counseling Center
  • Dean of Student Services
  • Residence Life

Click here to access the webinar via Kognito.

NASPA – Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education

NASPA is the leading association for the advancement, health, and sustainability of the student affairs profession. Their work provides high-quality professional development, advocacy, and research for 15,000 members in all 50 states, 25 countries, and 8 U.S. territories. Below you can view an outline of the 2019-2022 NASPA Strategic Plan:

Goal 1: Deliver dynamic, innovative, and timely professional development and volunteer engagement opportunities to build the leadership capacities and effectiveness of student affairs professionals.
Goal 2: Generate scholarship and disseminate knowledge that supports evidence-based, innovative, inclusive, and socially just student affairs practices.
Goal 3: Lead public policy and advocacy efforts that shape the changing landscape of student affairs within higher education.
Goal 4: Provide leadership for student affairs in integrating existing and emerging technologies.
Goal 5: Develop and promote NASPA’s identity as a global student affairs association.

Click here to navigate to the NASPA website.

“The BACCHUS Initiatives of NASPA” supports collegiate peer educators and advisors by empowering students and student affairs administrators to create campus environments which are healthy and safe.

Visit the BACCHUS Initiatives of NASPA page.

NASPA’s “Culture of Respect Collective” guides institutional stakeholders through a step-by-step strategic assessment and planning process to improve efforts to address sexual violence. The mission of Culture of Respect is to build the capacity of educational institutions to end sexual violence through ongoing, expansive organizational change.

As of October 31, 2018, NASPA’s Culture of Respect website was relaunched, and includes a new Prevention Programming Matrix and Research Inventory.

CampusMHAP – Campus Mental Health Action Planning [JED]

CampusMHAP was developed in 2011 by The Jed Foundation (JED) and Education Development Center (EDC). The guide takes campuses through a step-by-step process for designing a plan to promote the mental health of all students and get help for students who are stressed, struggling, or distressed. A list of references and resources planners can consult for additional assistance is included at the end of the guide. CampusMHAP contains three sections:

  1. “Building Momentum and Infrastructure”
  2. “Engaging in a Strategic Planning Process”
  3. “Strategies for Promoting Mental Health and Preventing Suicide” – focuses on JED’s Comprehensive Approach

To view the CampusMHAP, click here.

NAMI – National Alliance on Mental Illness

NAMI, the National Alliance on Mental Illness, is the nation’s largest grassroots mental health organization dedicated to building better lives for the millions of Americans affected by mental illness. Offered in thousands of communities across the United States through NAMI State Organizations and NAMI Affiliates, NAMI education programs ensure hundreds of thousands of families, individuals and educators get the support and information they need. NAMI shapes national public policy for people with mental illness and their families and provides volunteer leaders with the tools, resources and skills necessary to save mental health in all states. The toll-free NAMI HelpLine allows NAMI to respond personally to hundreds of thousands of requests each year, providing free referral, information and support—a much-needed lifeline for many. Public awareness events and activities, including Mental Illness Awareness Week and NAMIWalks, successfully fight stigma and encourage understanding. NAMI works with reporters on a daily basis to make sure our country understands how important mental health is.

Click here to access the NAMI website.
Click here to view NAMI’s infographic and fact sheet library.

Consequences of Receipt of a Psychiatric Diagnosis for Completion of College

This study provides new data on DSM-IV diagnoses associated with the failure to complete postsecondary education. The findings suggest that psychiatric factors play a significant role in college academic performance, and the benefits of prevention, detection, and treatment of psychiatric illness may therefore include higher college graduation rates.

Read the full study here.

Using A Public Health Approach to Address Student Mental Health

This chapter, adapted from JED and EDC’s Campus Mental Health Action Planning (CampusMHAP) guide, provides additional information about supporting the mental wellness of all students on your campus. To read a copy of the chapter, click the link below:

Mental health care in the college community – Using A Public Health Approach to Address Student Mental Health

Curricular infusion at JED Campuses

The following JED Campus Strategic Plan updates and news articles give good examples of curricular infusion at multiple JED Campuses:

Santa Clara University – SCU JED Newsletter August 2018

SCU shares a unique integration of student coursework into campus-wide educational campaigns to promote emotional well-being.

University of South California – USC pilots new course about health and wellness

“OT 299, ‘THRIVE: Foundations of Well-Being,’ teaches students a variety of wellness skills, from stress management techniques to tips for making friends in college. While the course will be geared toward first-year students in the future, it is currently being introduced to all students.”
(Daily Trojan, August 2018)

Hamilton College – Mental Health Support Skills & Strategies

A Class of 2019 Hamilton undergraduate develops a permanent course to be offered through the college’s physical education wellness program.

University of Pennsylvania

7 Hours a Week on Existential Despair: This Inside Higher Ed article describes new course at UPenn called “Existential Despair,” as well as a number of other classes at other institutions.
Penn Will Be First Top Law School Requiring Attorney Mental Health Training: “Penn will be the first top law school to require attorney mental health training for students. Penn Law will launch a pilot program this spring to integrate sessions on attorney well-being into mandatory coursework, making it the first top-ranked law school in the country to do so.”
Columbia journalism prof. Stephen Fried will teach mental health writing next semester: “Fried’s class will be one of the first undergraduate courses of its kind on mental health writing in the country.”

 

New Data on the Nature of Suicidal Crises in College Students: Shifting the Paradigm

In this study, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin contend for the entire administrative structure of a university “to become engaged with the problem of suicidality and to implement policies and programs to reduce suicide by intervening at all points…” This study will demonstrate evidence for implementing campus-wide engagement in promoting mental health and suicide prevention measures.

You can purchase the full article by clicking here.

AFSP – American Foundation for Suicide Prevention

Established in 1987, the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) is a voluntary health organization that gives those affected by suicide a nationwide community empowered by research, education and advocacy to take action against this leading cause of death.

AFSP is dedicated to saving lives and bringing hope to those affected by suicide.  AFSP creates a culture that’s smart about mental health by engaging in the following core strategies:

  • Funding scientific research
  • Educating the public about mental health and suicide prevention
  • Advocating for public policies in mental health and suicide prevention
  • Supporting survivors of suicide loss and those affected by suicide in our mission

The AFSP website has many resources that can be applied to the college setting.

Mental Health and Academic Success in College

This article in the B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy examines the connection between mental health and academic success as well as the economic benefit of attending to student mental health.

Abstract:

Mental health problems represent a potentially important but relatively unexplored factor in explaining human capital accumulation during college. We conduct the first study, to our knowledge, of how mental health predicts academic success during college in a random longitudinal sample of students. We find that depression is a significant predictor of lower GPA and higher probability of dropping out, particularly among students who also have a positive screen for an anxiety disorder. In within-person estimates using our longitudinal sample, we find again that co-occurring depression and anxiety are associated with lower GPA, and we find that symptoms of eating disorders are also associated with lower GPA. This descriptive study suggests potentially large economic returns from programs to prevent and treat mental health problems among college students, and highlights the policy relevance of evaluating the impact of such programs on academic outcomes using randomized trials.

Click here to access the full article through your institution’s access to De Gruyter Online.

CCMH – Center for Collegiate Mental Health

The Center for Collegiate Mental Health (CCMH) is a multidisciplinary, member-driven, Practice-Research-Network (PRN) focused on providing accurate and up-to-date information on the mental health of today’s college students. CCMH strives to connect practice, research, and technology to benefit students, mental health providers, administrators, researchers, and the public.

The collaborative efforts of more than 400 college and university counseling centers and supportive organizations have enabled CCMH to build one of the nation’s largest databases on college student mental health. CCMH actively develops clinical tools, reports, and research using this data.

Visit the CCMH website for more information, including an archive of annual reports dating back to 2009.

CCMH also publishes an annual report that summarizes de-identified data contributed by college and university counseling centers across the country, describing over 185,000 students, 3,800+ clinicians, and almost 1.4 million appointments.

Click here to view the 2020 CCMH Annual Report.

National College Health Assessment [ACHA]

The ACHA-National College Health Assessment (NCHA) is a nationally recognized research survey that can assist you in collecting precise data about your students’ health habits, behaviors, and perceptions. The ACHA-NCHA offers a way for you to map the widest range of health issues:

  • Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use
  • Sexual health
  • Weight, nutrition, and exercise
  • Mental health
  • Personal safety and violence

Visit the American College Health Association website for more information on the survey.

A Strategic Primer on College Student Mental Health

This primer is a detailed report on student mental health issues with the focus on launching national conversation and citing examples of best practices that contribute to student wellness. It also frames the issue of mental health as a learning and academic success issue.

Abstract:

This report (2014) is the product of a year-long partnership between NASPA: Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education, the American Council on Education, and the American Psychological Association focusing on student mental health issues. Co-authored by Louise Douce and Richard Keeling, and responding in part to President Obama’s call to launch a national conversation to increase the understanding and awareness about mental health, the partnering organizations, in collaboration with the lead authors, advisory committee, editorial group, and the organizations and institutions they represent, reviewed trends in college student mental health and sought out examples of practice that contribute to student well-being. We know that mental health continues to impact students in course learning and campus engagement. It is our collective hope that through increased awareness and collaboration, institutions of higher education can continue to serve all students and support their learning and development.

Click here to access the full report.

A Public Health Approach to Campus Mental Health Promotion and Suicide Prevention

From the Harvard Health Policy Review (Spring 2012), this article provides an excellent summary of the JED Comprehensive Approach and details how Cornell University, a JED Campus School has utilized it in their work.

Abstract:

The growing mental health needs of students at colleges and universities continue to garner considerable attention as well as challenge institutions of higher education (IHEs) regarding how to respond. Providing access to mental health services on campus is one key component to responding to these issues,however, it is not sufficient. An effective response requires a broader public health approach that focuses on reducing the risk of suicide and promoting mental health for the entire student population. This article will examine various public health approaches to suicide prevention and mental health promotion and will outline Cornell University’s broad-based framework applicable to any IHE.

Click here to view the full article.

New Data on the Nature of Suicidal Crises in College Students: Shifting the Paradigm

This study analyzes data and promotes a comprehensive approach to suicide prevention by redefining it as an institution centered problem. Hence the entire administrative structure of the university will have to be engaged to intervene at all points of the suicide continuum as is promoted in JED Campus.

Abstract:

This article presents new data on the nature of suicidal crises in college students. Data were collected from over 26,000 undergraduate and graduate students at 70 colleges and universities. An anonymous Web-based survey was designed to provide insight into the full spectrum of suicidal thought, intent, and action among college students. The authors discuss implications of these data and outline a new, problem-focused paradigm for conceptualizing the problem of college student suicidality and for guiding institutional policies and interventions at multiple points along the continuum of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The proposed paradigm encompasses and expands on the current model of treating individuals in crisis in order to act preventively to reduce both prevalence and incidence of all forms of suicidality among college students.

Click here to purchase the full article.

The US Air Force Suicide Prevention Program

The Air Force Suicide Prevention Program (AFSPP) is an example of a sustained community-based effort that directly addresses suicide as a public health problem. The AFSPP is also the basis of the JED Comprehensive Approach.  Although much is known about risk factors for suicide, there are few examples of multifaceted, sustainable programs for reducing morbidity and mortality attributable to suicide and suicidal behaviors. The AFSPP has been found to have achieved significant relative risk reductions of rates of suicide and other violence related outcomes, including accidental death and domestic violence.

Click here to view the full article.

JED Recommendations: STRATEGIC PLANNING

STRATEGIC PLANNING

 

 

 

Engaging in an active and dynamic strategic planning process is one of the most important things a school can do to ensure the future success of their mental health and substance abuse prevention programming. Strategic planning allows schools to anticipate and evaluate clinical and programming needs, examine how they deploy both personnel and financial resources to address challenges, coordinate efforts across campus, and evaluate programming effectiveness. Strategic planning will promote the ongoing support of program goals and the achievement of program outcomes—what is known as sustainability.

Critical to the success of a mental health strategic plan via the JED Comprehensive Approach is broad ownership and a shared commitment to reach common goals related to emotional health on campus. Additionally, involvement of upper administration demonstrates a commitment to mental health from the top-down, and helps build mental health infrastructure and leadership that ensure planning and programming succeed.

In this domain, schools should take the following action steps:

  • Implement campus-wide educational campaigns that promote shared responsibility for student emotional well-being.
  • Build an interdisciplinary team that draws on the resources and diverse perspectives of as many campus offices/services as possible. Broad participation in a task force demonstrates a real commitment to university-wide engagement in promoting mental health and suicide prevention measures. The team may include, but is not limited to:
    • senior leadership
    • student affairs
    • residence life
    • disability and accessibility services
    • multicultural affairs
    • international student services
    • security
    • legal
    • communications/public relations
    • financial aid
    • faculty
    • students
    • academic advisors
    • athletics
    • facilities
    • fraternity and sorority life (if applicable)
    • ministry (if applicable)
    • admissions
    • career services
  • Ensure the campus community is aware of the strategic plan and the work of the interdisciplinary team. Ideas for implementation include:
    • Providing the president or provost with a letter to send to the campus community supporting the JED Campus program and/or the work of the task force.
    • Creating a plan to distribute the strategic plan and regular updates to various stakeholders including trustees, administration, faculty, staff, students and families.

A well-structured mental health strategic plan should be a living document that is constantly reviewed and updated and utilized by various constituents on campus. When developing and maintaining your strategic plan, you should:

  • identify national and campus-specific problems and trends
  • prioritize campus-specific problems
  • use campus-specific data to inform planning and programming
  • define strategies and actions for addressing problems
  • designate team members who will work on each goal
  • evaluate the effectiveness of the activities and programs (interventions) outlined in the strategic plan (i.e., the activities/programs aimed at promoting mental health and preventing substance misuse and self-harm)
  • outline a strategy to collect and analyze campus-specific data to assess impact of actions and effectiveness of interventions and services
  • promote the ongoing support of program goals and the achievement of program outcomes–what is known as sustainability
  • integrate the mental health strategic plan into the school’s larger strategic plan
  • provide a system/strategy to assess budgetary needs for new programs/plans related to the implementation of the JED Campus and/or mental health strategic plan

THIS CONTENT CAN ALSO BE FOUND IN THE JED CAMPUS PLAYBOOK GUIDE.
To view all playbook resources within the Strategic Planning domain, click here.